MoU Celebration

VWB/VSF and the Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Laos (NUOL) were happy to celebrate the signing of an MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) between the two institutions this September. This agreement recognises our mutual interest and commitment in working together over the coming years and is a key step in developing our activities to bring further benefits to the wider communities involved. Other key partners in the project include the District Agriculture and Forestry Office, the Health Department and local farmers and the Women’s Union.

Community spirit for health

This month saw the launch of our first Community Health Day, which will take place in 10 more villages. These events aim to promote the services of PAHW volunteers by introducing them to their community, are an occasion for children and adults to learn about community health and hygiene whilst having fun, and are also raising awareness about this year’s national cattle vaccination campaign on 11 November (focused on haemorrhagic septicaemia). The organisers are also excited about preparing dances, songs and traditional games.

The Community Health Day in Sen Oudom village was held on 14^th September. Introductory speeches were given by Dr Sompanh, the Faculty of Agriculture Vice-dean, the Village Chief, and by the 3 PAHWs. It provided an opportunity to introduce the PAHWs to their neighbours and increase the community’s understanding of their role in disease prevention and animal treatment.

The District Department of Health, as well as the Water and Environment Resources Office, both provided entertaining and informative sessions including games and talks on waste management, pollution, household hygiene, bio-security, as well as tips for preventing dengue fever, currently rife in the area. The day ended with fun and engaging health videos which both children and parents enjoyed. More Community Health Days are planned throughout September and October, making these a couple of busy but exciting months for the project team in the lead up to the harvesting season and annual dragon boat festival.

Refresher training and worms in a chicken

Post-mortems, vaccination and disease prevention were order of the day at this month’s Refresher Training. After mentoring visits over the summer, the Refresher Training for Primary Animal Heatlh Workers (PAHWs) was an opportunity to bring everyone together to share their experiences so far.

The workshop used learner-centred methods to ensure participants were actively involved and felt responsible for their own learning. Small group discussions were held on most topics, while games were injected throughout to maintain energy levels and review learning. We also did focus group discussions to assess the effectiveness of posters on disease diagnosis and treatment. The highlight of the workshop was by all accounts the post mortem exam led by NUOL and DAFO staff. The group discovered that compared to ducks, the chickens examined had a high proportion of intestinal parasites, including ascaris, tapeworm and cecal worm. This was an eye-opener about the importance of de-worming, and reflects the scavenging behaviours of local chickens.

At the end of each day of the workshop, the PAHWs gave feedback on the day and mentors deliberated on how to adapt the agenda. The mood barometer showed increasingly positive results with most of the PAHWs happy about their continued learning. The workshop also served as a launch pad for the upcoming Community Health Days, which we will recount in September!

Training of Trainers

Left-to-right: Sonia, Malavanh, Taffese, Daovy, Blanaid

This week we completed the Training of Trainers in preparation for our second PAHW training workshop. The Ecohealth team met with colleagues from the District Agriculture and Forestry Office, the University’s Faculty of Agriculture, and Environment, as well as the District health clinic, some of whom have been training and mentoring the PAHWs over the past six months.

Kolakoth and Daovy playing the balloon game

The objective of this 3-day workshop was to strengthen the mentors’ capacity in participatory learning techniques, to develop the content for the PAHW training and to brainstorm ideas for the Community Health Days that are being planned for this autumn. Participatory learning is particularly important in this context where the purpose of the work is to improve villagers’ practical skills. It also recognizes that the learners already possess a great deal of knowledge and allows them to exchange this information with the trainers and each other. The training emphasized how important it is for discussions and presentations to be interactive, and for participants to have fun! Everybody got their heart beat racing while playing the balloon game on the first day. As well as being a chance to play and laugh together, this was a lesson in cooperation and communication skills.

Chicken post mortem

Left-to-right: Tongtem (DAFO), Keo (DAFO), Taffese (VSF), Dehtaloon (NUOL)

The trainers also learned some new practical skills through Taffese’s laboratory session on “How to do a post mortem examination”. The trainers were very interested to enhance their diagnostic skills and are eager to pass this knowledge onto the PAHWs.

Loving (work-)life in Laos

The centre of Nabong Campus

Now that the field interviews are wrapping up, the team here at Nabong is moving into a planning phase and things are much quieter than during my last update. Taffese and I are preparing the next training workshop for the Primary Animal Health Workers (PAHWs). This will involve refreshing some of the information from the initial training in February and building on this through hands-on practical sessions and interactive discussions.

Over the past few days Taffese has been called out to the field to see a number of disease cases. From goats with wound infections to diarrhea in piglets he’s been providing assistance to the PAHWs. One particularly interesting case was an adult bull whose owner noticed the tongue hanging out and he seemed to be unable to eat. When Taffese went to see it there was pus-like green discharge coming from the mouth and his neck was swollen. He appeared thin and dehydrated from being off feed. While they were unable to get a good look inside, Taffese suspected that there was some sort of foreign body caught in the mouth or throat that was causing infection. He recommended that the bull be put down for humane reasons. Hopefully we will be conducting a post-mortem exam to fully understand the disease process.

Taffese's patient

While Taffese is out getting his hands dirty, I’ve been in the office creating some educational materials that the PAHWs can use during training and as a reference for their practice. It’s really important that we provide tools that will help them to continue learning long after we’re gone. Not quite as glamourous as wrestling buffalo like Taffese but rewarding all the same!

The most striking thing about my experience here is that despite the more laid-back lifestyle in Laos, time is really flying by! I’m almost halfway through my practicum and it still feels like I’ve just landed. I have to admit that I was nervous about being away for 3 months but this is such a beautiful country filled with beautiful people that I think it will be difficult to make the transition back to grad student life in Guelph.

Our home on campus

A new crush. Wait...not that kind of crush!

My first week at the Faculty of Agriculture at the Nabong Campus of the National University of Laos (NUOL) was spent out in the field with the Primary Animal Health Workers (PAHWs) and community members.

Taffese, the veterinarian volunteer from Ethiopia and Lampheuy, one of our project coordinators from NUOL, began interviewing the PAHWs about their experiences and progress since their training in February. They also held community meetings for the first 4 villages to discuss the project as well as their needs for education on animal health and production.

Our discussions with the first 12 PAHWs were very rewarding. We gained great insight as to their feelings about the project, where we have been successful and where we can direct our future efforts. We learned that they are very comfortable with many technical skills such as administering injections. They also brought some of their challenges to our attention, the most common challenge being that the nearest pharmacy is in Vientiane which is about an hour’s drive away. We were pleased to learn that the PAHWs are communicating with each other quite frequently, sharing experiences and helping with treatments.


The community members feel that when they asked for the PAHWs’ support, they were very helpful and often responded to their calls very quickly despite their other commitments (the PAHWs are volunteers and most of them are also farmers, only working part-time at this job). We heard that the community is unsure about vaccination and would like to learn more about preventing various diseases as well as improving their animal management practices.

We will be using this information to create training and information sessions for the PAHWs and the communities.

Another exciting activity of the week was the building of a crush in Paksapmai village on Sunday. Safe animal handling has been an issue for most of the PAHWs and it was recommended that all livestock owners build crushes. Under Taffese’s guidance some of the teachers from the university, the chief of the village and the PAHW herself, Miss Saiponh collected the materials. On one of the hottest days since we arrived, in a matter of about 4 hours, the crush was complete!

As for my own experiences in Laos, I was thrilled to find that I feel very much at home here and I believe that this is due to the overwhelming warmth and hospitality extended to Taffesse and myself both by our colleagues at the Faculty of Agriculture and the community members.

Images from the PAHW Basic Training Workshop

PAHW training complete

The Basic Training of Primary Animal Health Workers (PAHWs) now complete, the new recruits have set off to practice theirs skills in their communities! Mentors from DAFO and the National University will be supporting the PAHWs in their work, with an initial focus on cattle vaccination.

Interviews with farmers

The farmer interviewed here in Palai village provided a good example of how to implement good management practices on limited resources. However others in the village, who had less access to land or other resources, were struggling to make ends meet and replace chickens which had been wiped out from disease last year.

Observations

Now that the baseline surveys are complete, initial observations already point to some interesting findings. For example, interviews with farmers indicate low rates of livestock vaccination in most villages, with low awareness of which vaccinations are important. Moreover, whilst some farmers have had their cattle vaccinated in the past year, most do not vaccinate poultry, considering the time and costs involved not to be worth it given the relatively lower value of poultry.

There is a significant need for support amongst low-income households who struggle to invest in livestock and feed. Through improved support for livestock health in these villages, and tailoring of project activities to beneft those in need, we hope to help resolve some of these barriers to income generation and healthy livestock production.

Village surveys

This week we are conducting baseline surveys in villages in central Laos.

It has been very informative and we are learning a lot about the different attitudes and opportunities available to farmers.

The wide differences show that there is much room for awareness-raising, income-generating activities and animal health improvements.

Photos from the farm

Hands on in the farm

Today saw a culmination of intensive planning as the training for volunteer Primary Animal Health Workers (PAHWs) is finalised. During consultations and village visits in 2009, it became clear that there is a high demand amongst local farmers for greater veterinary support. With her wealth of experience, volunteer vet Dr Anne Drew and I have therefore been working with a fantastic team from the National University of Laos (NUOL) to put together a programme that will cover the necessary vet basics and provide PAHWs with new skills and knowledge to apply in their local setting.

We practised some training techniques today as students from the Faculty of Agriculture observed Anne Drew and faculty member Mr Sisavath demonstrate cattle handling and management skills.

NUOL has been working hard over the last few weeks to introduce the project to local communities and has recruited a motivated team of 33 volunteers to take on the role of Primary Animal Health Workers in their villages. Next week we will carry out a baseline survey in the villages which will put us in good stead to ensure our training covers priority animal health issues in the area.